Bone is the hardest connective tissue in the body. It is composed of nearly 50% water and the remaining solid part is composed of a mineral matter, mainly calcium salts and cellular matter. A bone is externally covered by a thick, white dense fibrous sheath called the periosteum.
A long bone such as those of the limbs, shows both varieties of bone tissue. Longitudinally, it shows compactly arranged tissue. The bone is divided into shafts. If the shaft is cut across, a dense bone tissue which encloses a hollow cavity can be seen. This is called the marrow cavity or the medullary cavity.
Marrow cavity is filled with a soft and vascular fatty tissue called bone-marrow which are of two types: red marrow and yellow marrow. The red bone marrow is highly vascular tissue and forms erythrocytes and granular leucocytes.
Yellow bone marrow is mainly involved with the storage of fat. It also forms blood corpuscles only at the time of emergency.
A transverse section of a compact bone shows a wonderful design mapped out in circles. In the centre of each circle is a haversian canal. The plates of bone or lamellae are arranged concentrically around the central canal. In between these plates are minute spaces called lacunae and these spaces contain bone cells and these spaces are connected to each other and to the central haversian canal by minute canals called canaliculi. Each pattern thus formed is a complete haversian system composed of a central haversian canal containing nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics, lamellae arranged concentrically, lacunae containing bone cells and canaliculi radiating between and linking up the lacunae and the haversian canals.
The areas between these haversian systems are composed of interstitial lamellae.

