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In the Hindu view, spirit no one depends more on the body it inhabits that body depends on the clothes it wears or the house it lives in. When we outgrow a suit or find our house too cramped, we exchange these for roomier ones that offer our bodies freer play.
Souls do the same.
" Worn-out garments Are shed by the body:
Worn-out bodies Are shed by the dweller. "
- (Bhagavad-Gita, II:22)
This process by which an individual jiva (soul) passes through a sequence of bodies is known as reincarnation or transmigration of the soul - in Sanskrit samsara, a word that signifies endless passage through cycles of life, death and rebirth.
Hinduism believes that God, who is all-loving and merciful, does not punish or reward anyone. He molds our destinies based upon our own thoughts and deeds. Every action of a person, in thought or deed, brings results, either good or bad, depending upon the moral quality of the action, in accordance with the adage, As you sow, so shall you reap. Moral consequences of all actions are conserved by Nature.
"God keeps an accurate record of all things good and bad. There is no better accountant on earth," says Mahatma Gandhi.
Until we reach the end of our journey we are subject to the law of Karma which makes out that our desires and acts determines the pace of our progress. Our present state is conditioned by our past and what we do now will determine our future. Death and rebirth do not interrupt this process. Four our present condition, we are ourselves responsible. We not blame God or the existing social order. Mahabharata says that there is no external judge who punishes us; our inner self is the judge.
na yaman yamah ity ahuh atma vai yama ucyate
atma samyamito yena yamas tasya karoti kim?
If a person lives a good life on earth, he or she will be born into a better life in the next incarnation. For example, a sinner who leads an immoral life will be born as a poor human or as an animal in the next incarnation. A person born again and again to reap the fruits of his or her own actions. This cycle of birth and death continues until the person attains moksha or freedom from the cycle of birth and death. In all forms of Indian thought, time is symbolized by birth and death. The world is represented by wheel of time, of births and deaths.
Count Maurice Maeterlinck (1862-1949) was a Belgian writer of poetry and a wide variety of essays. He won the 1911 Nobel Prize for literature. In his book Mountain Paths, in the doctrine of Karma, he finds "the only satisfactory solution of life's injustices."
Reincarnation
"Like corn mortals ripen and fall; like corn
They come up again."
- says the Katha Upanishad Part 1 - 6.
"As a caterpillar, having come to the end of
One blade of grass, draws itself together and
Reaches out for the next, so the Self, having
Come to the end of one life and dispelled all
ignorance, gathers in his faculties and reaches
out from the old body to a new. "
- says the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4-3.
Reincarnation is interlinked with karma: successive lives afford the requisite scope in which the law of karma operates. It is the natural way the soul evolves from immaturity to spiritual illumination. When all the lessons are worked out and all the lessons of life are learnt, one attains enlightenment and moksha (liberation). This means you will exist, but will no longer be pulled back to be born in a physical body.
Reincarnation is called Samsara in the Vedas and means being bound to the cycle of repeated birth and death. The materially conditioned soul transmigrates through different bodies according to his desires and past activities. It is stated, that as a man sows, so shall he reap.
Lord Krishna said to Arjuna, " Both you and I have passed through many births. You know them not; I know them all."
Nonetheless, one is not condemned to stay in this cycle of repeated birth and death forever. There is a way out. In the human form one can attain the knowledge of spiritual realization and attain release from Samsara. This is why every religious process in the world encourages people not to hanker for sensual enjoyments which bind them to this world but to look forwards what is spiritual and gives eternal freedom from Samsara. In fact, the only religion, which does not acknowledge this science of reincarnation is modern day Christianity.
A partial list includes the Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Pythagoras, and Plato, Italy’s philosopher and poet of the Renaissance Giordano Bruno ( who was later burned at the stake by the Inquisition because of his beliefs), as well as the great French philosopher Voltaire.
Plotinus, Origen, St. Augustine, Cicero, Marcus Aurelius, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, William James, Henri Bergson, Goethe, Hugo, Sand, Blake, Wordsworth, Whitman, Shelley, Kipling, Tennyson, Browning, Alcott, Emerson, Thoreau, Poe, Whitman, Wagner, da Vinci, Benjamin Franklin, Luther Burbank, Edison, Henry Ford, Edgar Cayce and General Patton all believed in reincarnation. Poets, in their moments of inspiration and intuitive insights, have written about rebirth. There are passages in Shelley, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Browning, Rossetti, Longfellow and Whitman, which evince the poet's interest in reincarnation. In a poem to Evelyn Hope, a girl whose life was snuffed out at the age of sixteen, poet Robert Browning (1812-1889) sang of lives to be:
"I claim you still, for my own love's sake!
Delayed it may be for more lives yet,
Through worlds I shall traverse, not a few;
Much is to learn and much to forget
Ere the time be come for taking you."
John Masefield (1878-1967) poet laureate has been explicit in his poem A Creed:
"I hold when a person dies
His soul returns again to earth;
Arrayed in some new flesh-disguise,
Another mother gives him birth.
With sturdier limbs and brighter brain
The old soul takes the road again.
(source: India's Priceless Heritage - By Nani A. Palkhivala 1980 p. 32-34).
William Wordsworth, the poet, was bold enough to believe in a life beyond death. He succeeded in keeping pessimism at bay by drawing inspiration from the belief that the soul had its beginning elsewhere and lived endlessly.
Some of America’s founding fathers, such as Benjamin Franklin, as well as former Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, also believed in reincarnation. Benjamin Franklin stated that "I believe I shall, in some shape or other, always exist; and, with all the inconveniences human life is liable to, I shall not object to a new edition of mine, hoping, however, that the errata of the last may be corrected." Napoleon made mention of his accepting reincarnation as did the German poet Wolfgang von Goethe. In Russia, Count Leo Tolstoy, believed in reincarnation as did such early American philosophers and poets as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau, and Charles Dickens, who mention their beliefs in many of their writings.
We can also include U.S. auto magnate Henry Ford, U.S. General George S. Patton, Nobel Laureates Herman Hesse and Isaac Bashevis Singer, Psychologist Carl Jung, British biologist Thomas Huxley, American Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson and Mahatma Gandhi.
Dr. S Radhakrishnan has written: "The development of the soul is a continuous progress, though it is broken into stages by the baptism of death."
Jai Shree Ram!!!!!
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